Apparatus for drying char



Apr. 17, E923. 1,452,166 v v H. E. NIESE APPARATUS FOR DRYING CHAR Filed June 10, 1920 4 Sheets-Sheet l fl 34 f5 K3 3 /3 V6 ,3 (invents) Hear ED102 56 Apr. 17, 1923.

H. E. NIESE APPARATUS FOR DRYING CHAR Filed June 10, 1920 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 H. E. NIESE APPARATUS FOR DRYING CHAR Apn-QHY, 1923..

4 Sheets-Sheet Filed June 10 1920 Smo /W691 Hang/E17 66 6 Patented Apr, 117, lQZEG pair snares rare 1 means QFFHQEQ HENRY E. NIESE, ,Oli MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR Til THE MEEBICAN' SUGAR- REFINING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y A. COElPQM'K'IQH OLE NEW JERSEY.

arrana'rns ron marmoerran- Application filed. June 10, 1920. Serial @387323.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY E. NIESE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Morristown, in the county of Morris, State 5 of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Drying Char; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to an appara ms for drying char and has reference more particularly to such an apparatus adapted for use in conjunction with a char revivifying kiln to dry the char preparatory to its being calcined in the retorts of the kiln.

Dryers of this character have heretofore been devised wherein a heating chamber is provided through which hot gas, usually the 1 the incoming material containing the most moisture. This objectionable feature is over Waste products of combustion of the kiln, is circulated to dry the material. The material passes by gravity through a channel adjacent the heating chamber from an inlet opening near the top of the channel.

In such devices, the'hot gas is introduced near the, bottom of the heating chamber where the as, when at its highest temperature, acts.

- rst to heat the dried materialaboutto be discharged, and subsequently, after being cooled by circulation through the chamber, reaches the upper portion thereof to heat come in the apparatus of the present invention which includes a downwardly extendin passage for the material to be dried, an inlet opening for this'passage, preferably near the top of the dryer, a passage for hot gas which is exterior to the passage for material,

a heat conducting partitionbetween the passages having heating surfaces for the material, and means for supplying hot gas to the passage therefor, the latter passage being the lower portions of the partition, substan tially parallel to the descending column of material. The passage for the material and the hot gas may consist respectively of a ment above described, the

for supplying the clusion of auxiliary an additional supply chamber and a flue for heating the chamber which is exterior thereto, and the flue ma have baflie plates therein spaced alternately from its opposite ends to lead the gas downwardly and back and forth through the flue. Whether or not the apparatus embodies a flue exterior to the channel for material to heat it, and irrespective of the manner in which the gas may be led therethrough, but preferably in accordance with the arrangeinvention comprehends as another of its parts the provision, in an apparatus for drying char, of means whereby a maximum of the material is sub- Jected to the direct'action of the drying gas. With this object in view the apparatus includes a plurality of passages for the material to be dried, a plurality of flues for dryng gas extending through the passages and in open communication with each, and means drying gas to the lines. Smce 1n this arrangement the material comes in direct contact with the drying gas,

heated air which may be taken from the cooling chambers in which the char is cooled after the calcining operation, is preferred, although any other suitable hot gas might be used. The flues may be connected to a pipe for supplying the drying gas thereto and auxiliary means may be connected to this pipe for supplying an additional. quantity of drying gas to the dues. Whether or not the fines are connected to a supply pipe for drying gas, and irrespective of the inmeans for introducing of drying gas, the apparatus may comprise a downwardly extending channel for the moist material, a plurality of lateral gas flues arranged to intersect the channel at distributed points so that the moist material in downward travel successively drops into the lateral gas lines in contact with the gas therein, and means for supplying drying gas to each of the lines.

In "this construction the channel erably zigzag in form, and is intersected by the lateral gas lines and both the channel and the dues are constructed of partition plates extending between adjacent division plates, In order to insure the thorough ,circulation of the drying gas through the char, the partition plates may be overlapped to is prefprovided with .downwardly extending zigzag channel for form louvers. Furthermore, the apparatus may embody in its construction means whereby large heating surfaces are provided to enhance the efficiency thereof, not only as respects the amount of moisture removed from the material, but as well the output of the dryer. In providing the large heating surfaces of the drying apparatus, the apparatus includes division plates and partition plates therebetween forming downwardly extending channels for the material to be dried, each having therein a plurality of superimposed chambers. The division plates have apertures therein smaller in area than the cross sectional area of the chambers, and the corresponding aligning chambers in the various sections communicate with one another.

through these apertures forming a series of continuous heating flues through the sections. By reason of these contracted apertures in the division plates, the end walls of the chambers act as baflie plates for the drying gas and a large part of each of these walls is thus rendered available as a heating surface. Preferably the partition plates are angularly disposed relative to the division plates and the superimposed chambers are deflector plates describing a the material to be dried, whereby the heating surfaces are still further increased. Moreover-the sections forming the channels for the material may be hot as external thereto, in which case the division plates may have additional apertures therein to permit the continuous flow of hot gas through the external flue.

\Vhether or not the above described provisions are made for obtaining large heating and drying surfaces and irrespective, of the inclusion of a heating flue exterior to the passage for material, but preferably in combination with these arrangements, the invention comprehends as still another of its parts an apparatus for drying char having passage for the material to be dried and means for heating the passage by steam.

The apparatus may be provided with a flue for hot gas separated from the passage by a heat conducting partition. Whether or not this flue is embodied to supplement the heating of the passage for material by steam, the apparatus may comprise division plates and partition plates therebetween, forming a downwardly extending channel for the material to be dried, and means for heating the plates by steam. The channel may have therein deflector plates describing a zigzag passage for the material, and the deflector lates mag be steam jacketed to increase the eating'e ect of the steam on the descending column of material. Moreover the steam jackets may be supplemented by steam pipes passing through the channel for material. The use of steam according to these arrangeheated by a flue for ments is of considerable advantage in that its quantity and temperature may easily be controlled, and, where used in conjunction with hot air or hot gas or both, the operation of the apparatus is greatly facilitated.

The above described'parts of the present invention may be combined to produce, for example, an apparatus for drying char which is particularly adapted for use in conjunc tion with a char revivifying kiln, in which the channels for material, preferably zigzag in form, are arranged on either side of a central heating flue in which, preferably, the gas is led in at the upper part of the apparatus and back and forth downwardly between the two channels, and having a plurality of lateral flues located outwardly of the two channels,or intersecting them. Furthermore, the apparatus may have side walls and end plates provided with parts whereby access may be had to the several channels or flues for cleaning them, and the side walls provided with deflector plates extending inwardly therefrom.

In the specific embodiment of the invention described hereinafter the apparatus comprises the combination of vertically disposed, spaced division plates, an inner set of diagonal partition plates supported on the division plates, an outer set of diagonal partition plates similarly supported and substantially parallel to certain of the inner partition plates, and walls and end plates, whereby there is formed two zigzag channels'for the moist material with a central flue between them, and a plurality of lateral flues located oultwardly with respect to the zigzag channe s.

In the drawings, illustrating the preferred embodiment of my invention, in application, to an apparatus for drying char adapted for use in conjunction with a char revivifying kiln, Fig. 1 is a side view of the improved dryer, partly broken away to show the interior construction; Fig. 21s a top view; Fig. 3 is an end view; Fig. 4 is a sectional view on line 4-4 of Fig. 1, looking in the' direction of the arrows; Fig. 5 is a side view, partly in section, showing the method of assembling the division plates; Fig. 6 is an end view of a division plate; Fig. 7 shows a modification of one of the division plates; Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a detail showing the connection of the division plates with the spacing bar; and Fig. 9 is a vertical section, on an enlarged scale, through the upper part of the dryer, showing a modification in which steam is utilized as an. additional heating agent.

Referring first to Fig. 6, the division plate A is formed of two similar plates 1 having flanged edges 2 and 3. The upper part of each plate is cut away as indicated at 4 and is also cut out as indicated at 5,the edges of the latter opening being provided with diagonal flanges aaaanee Apertures 7 are cut through the plates 1 and diagonal flanges 6 are mounted adjacent the edges thereofl The plates 1 are fastened together by bolts 9 through flanges 8, to form a division. plate A. Each plate carries near its vertical flange 2 a plurality of ET-shaped supports 10, Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, provided with hearing faces 11. The frame work of the dryer is formed, as best shown in Fig. 5, by assembling a series of division plates A. in vertically parallel order, and spacing elements 12, bolted to the supports 10, serve to connect the several plates. A dryer of any desired size may evidentlyv be built by using the appropriate number of division plates.

Referring now to Fig. 1, a complete dryer is shown, composed of four division plates A and two end plates B and B. A. series of outwardly opening doors 13 mounted on hinges 14 is mounted on the side walls of the dryer so that access may be had to the interior. Pairs of diagonally inclined plates 15 and 15 (see Fig. 4), and a pair of side plates 16 complete the upper part of the apparatus. The bottom of the apparatus is formed by a plate 17 which forms a cover for a gas flue, not shown.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, the interior construction of the dryer will be described. Mounted on the flanges 5' in the upper part of the dryer is a series of angular partition plates 18 flanged as at 18. which extend between adjacent division plates and so form a continuous flue 19 for hot gas extending from one end of the apparatus to the other. The upper part of each of these partitionplates receives the wet char as it comes into the top of the dryer and transmits to it the heat from the flue 19.

A series of partition plates 21 extending between ad'acent division plates is mounted on other 0 the flanges 5', to form a series of continuous fiues 20 extending laterally from one end of the apparatus to the other; The provision of the apertures 5 permits the continuous lateral passage of the gas.

Mounted on the diagonal flanges 6 is a series of angular deflector and heating plates 22, flanged as at 22, which extend from division plate to division plate and Form, together with the cooperating side walls of the apparatus, a series of superimposed fiues 23 that extend from one end of the appara- .tus to the other. The uppermost of this series of fines, indicated at 23', is formed by the plates 15 and 16. The two diagonal plates 15 form a cover for another flue 23 extending longitudinally through the top ot the dryer.

The partition plates 18 and 22 define leetween them a zigzag channel C for the travel of the moist material. The plates 22, however, terminate as indicated at 24, so

that the zigzag channel intersects the several lateral fiues 23 at a number of distributed points. Referring to Figs. 1 and 4, it will be seen that access may be had to all of the lateral fiues 23, as well as the zigzag. chan- I shown,.has mounted centrally therein, avertically extending pipe 2?, which is provided with a lateral branch 28 opening into one end of the upper central flue 19. A series of baffle plates 29 are mounted in the several flues 19 and 20 and are alternately spaced from opposite ends of the apparatus to provide a zigzag downward passage for the hot gas, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1. The gases, after passing through this zigzag passage, escape through the pipe 30, which may be connected to an exhauster or to a chimney.

Referring now to Fig. 3, the end plates B and B, shown in Fig. 1, are provided with a series of manholes 31, closed by suitable doors 32, in order that access may be had to the central fiucs 19 and 20, for cleaning and repairs.

The second heating system will now be described, reference being particularly made to Figs. 1 and 3. The end plate B, at the inlet end of the apparatus, is pro vided with a plurality of inlet pipes 33, which communicate with appropriate inlet openings 3-1. in the end plate, controlled by dampers 34, which openings 31- in turn lead into the several laterally extending flues 23, 23' and 23. so as to supply fresh, hot gas to each of these flues. Each inlet pipe 33 may be provided with one or more supplementary supply pipes 35 for additional hot gas, if such is desirable. The other end plate B, at the outlet end of the apparatus, is provided with two outlet pipes 36 which communicate with a series of openings 37, that respectively open into the lateral flues 23, 23 and 23 These outlet openings 37 are controlled by dampers 37 and are covered with fine mesh wire screens 38. The outlet pipe 36 may be connected to an exhauster or to a chimney.

One of the end plates, such as B, may be provided with a door indicated at 39, whereby access may be had to the interior of the dryer for inspection, cleaning and repairs.

Referring now to Fig. 7, a modification is shown, which is similar to the structure shown in Fig. 6, corresponding elements being indicated by corresponding reference characters. In the structure shown in Fig. 7 however, in place of the diagonal flanges 6, there is provided a series of small overlapping fianges 40, which, however, serve a purpose similar to the purpose of the flanges 6, that is, they support a' corresponding series of overlapping partition plates, analogous to the plates 22. These overlapping partition plates form a series of louvers 40'.

The third heating system will now be described, in which steam is employed as an additional heating agent. Referring to Fig. 9, the deflector plates 15 and 22 are heated by thesteam jackets 50, provided with inlets and outlets 51 and 52 for the steam. The other part of the zigzag channel C may be heated by radiation from a number of steam pipes 53, arranged substantially as shown, and extending from end to end of the dryer, so that the moist material passing over the plates 18 and 21 is subjected to additional heat from these steam pipes. It should of course, be understood, that additional steam jackets or steam pipes, or both, may be positioned wherever desirable or necessary. The steam supply may be superheated steam, or exhaust steam.

The operation of the device will nowbe described. The moist granular material is fed in at the top of the apparatus, falls upon the hot plates 15 and passes on downwardly through the apparatus in a zigzag channel, under the influence of gravity. Hot furnace gases are let into the vertical pipe 27 and out through the lateral branch 28 into the upper central flue 19 so that the moist material, as soon asit enters the apparatus, is subjected to the maximum heating action of this gas current. There accordingly takes place a very rapid evaporation of mositure at this point, which readily escapes upwardly and also laterally, through the flues23, 23 and 23. This initial evaporation oft-he moisture is materially increased by the heating of the plates 15 by the steam jackets 50.

Due to the termination of the partition plates 22, at the points 24, there is formed a series of intersections between the zigzag channel for the moist material and the lateral gas flues 23, so that the moist material drops 'from the deflector plates 22 into actual contact with the gas in these lateral fines, of the moist material. Moreover, the fa ling of the moist material from one plate tothe next aids in breaking it up whereby all of the particles are brought into contact with the hot gas.

Additional heat may be supplied to the moist material during the entire course of its travel through the dryer, or at any desired place in its travel fromthe steam jackets and steam pipes. It may be particuarly desirable to supply additional heat to:

which results in a thorough d ing dry gas from the inlet pipes 33. This results in the moist material in the course of its travel through the apparatus being brought into intimate and successive con-v tact with these several currents of fresh hot dry gas which results in rapid, eflicient and thorou h drying of the material.

The ot gas for the inlet pipes 33, ma be supplied from any desired source. owever, if the apparatus is used for drying the char from bone black filters, preliminary to calcining it, the hot gas supplied to the pipes i3 is preferably the heated air from the coolng chambers, in which the char is cooled, ust after the calcining operation. The term gas or drying gas, as used in the claims, is lntended to include any suitable gaseous medium that has a drying effect. In ordinary practice, hot air or hot furnace gases are used. 7

In the modification shown in Fig. 7, the hot gas from the lateral flues passes through the louvers 40, into direct contact with the moist material, and percolates through it.

thereby aiding the drying action.

I claim as my invention:

1. An apparatus for drying char, having a downwardly extending passage for the material to be dried and an inlet opening for said passage, a passage for hot gas which is exteriorto said passage for material, a heat conducting partition between said passages having heating surfaces for the material. and means .for supplying hot gas to the passage therefor, said latter passage being construeted and arranged to lead the hot gas first to the portion of the partition the heating surface of which is adjacent the inlet opening for material, and then in a downward course substantially parallel to the descending column of material.

2. An apparatus for dryingchar, having a downwardl extending passage for the material to be ried and an inlet opening for said passage near'the top of the dryer, a passage for hot gas which is exterior to the passage for material, a heat conductin tion between said passages having lieating surfaces for the material, and means for supplying hot gas to the passage therefor, said latter passage being constructed and arranged to lead the hot gas to the upper portion of the partition the heating surface of which is adjacent the inlet opening for material, and; then. downwardly and back and forth across the lower portions of the partition in a course substantially parallel to the descending column of material.

artip verse to the direction of connected to the supply 3. An apparatus for drying char, having a downwardly extending channel for the material to be dried and an inlet opening, a heating flue exterior to said channel, and means for supplying hot gas to the flue, said flue being constructed and arranged to lead the hot gas first to the upper portion thereof adjacent the inlet opening for material, and baflie plates in' said flue, spaced alternately from opposite ends thereof, for then leading said gas in a downward course and back and forth across said partition plates substantially parallel to the descending column of material.

4. An apparatus for drying granular or finely divided material of the character described having a plurality of passages for the material to be dried, a pluralityof flues for drying gas extending substantially transverse to the direction of flow of the material through said passages and in open communication with each of said passages, and irineans for supplying drying gas to said ues. I 5. An apparatus for drying granular or finely divided material of the character described having a plurality of downwardly extending passages for the material to be dried, a lurality of lines for drying gas extending su stantially transverse to the direction of flow of the material through said passages and in open communication therewitlnsaid flues being connected to a pipe for supplying drying gas thereto and auxiliary means,

pipe, for introducing an additional supply of drying gas to said flues.

6. In an apparatus for drying char, the combination of a downwardly extending channel for the moist material, a plurality of gas lines arranged substantially transfiow of the material through said channel so that the moist material, in its downward travel, successively drops into the several gas flues into contact with the gas therein, and means for supplying drying gas to each of the fines.

In an apparatus for drying char, the combination of division plates, partition plates extending between adjacent division plates forming a downwardly extending zigzag channel for the moist material and likewise forming a series of flues for drying gas that extend substantially transverse to the direction of flow of material in said channel, so that the moist material in its downward travel successively drops into the lateral fiues in contact with the gas therein.

8. In an apparatus for drying char; the combination of division plates, partition plates extending between adjacent division plates forming a downwardly extending zigzag channel for the moist material, and also forming a plurality of fines extending substantially transverse to the direction of flow of the material through said channel, certain of the partition plates being overlapped to form louvers, and means for supplying drying gas to the tines.

9. An apparatus for drying char, comprisingdivision plates and partition plates therebetween forming a plurality of sections, said sections each consisting of a downward ly extending channel for the material to be dried and a plurality of superimposed chambers, and said division plates having apertures therein smaller in areathanthe cross sectional area of said chambers and through which corresponding aligning chambers in the various sections communicate with one another to form a series of continuous heating flues through the sections.

10. An apparatus for drying char, comprising division plates and angularly disposed partition plates therebetween forming a plurality of sections, said sections each having a plurality of superimposed chambers, deflector plates in said chambers describing a downwardly extending zigzag channel for the material to be dried, and said division plates having apertures therein smaller in area than the cross sectional area of said chambers and through which corresponding aligning chambers in the various sections communicate with one another toform a series of continuous heating flues through the sections.

11. An apparatus for drying char, comprising division plates and angularly disposed partition plates therebetween forming a plurality of sections and a flue for hot gas external t ereto, said sections each consisting of a downwardly extending channel for the material to be dried and a plurality of superimposed chambers, and said division plates having a series of apertures therein to permit the continuous flow of the hot gas through said external flue. and a series of apertures therein smaller in area than the cross sectional area of said chambers and through which corresponding aligning chambers in the various sections communicate to form' a series or" continuous heating lines through the sections.

12. An apparatus for drying char, comprising division plates and partition plates therebetween forming a plurality of sections' and a flue for hot gas external thereto, said sections each having a plurality of superimposed chambers, deflector plates in said chambers describing a downwardly extending zigzag channel for the material to be dried, and said division plates having a series of apertures therein to permit the continuous flow of the hot gas through said external flue, and a series of apertures therein smaller in area than the cross sectional area of said chambers and through which corresponding alignin chambers in the various sections communicate to form a series of continuous heating flues passing through said sections.

13. An apparatus for drying char having a passage for the material to be dried, a flue for hot gas extending through the passage, means for supplying hot gas to said flue, and means for independently heating said passage by steam.

14. An apparatus for drying char having a passage for the material to be dried, a flue for hot gas separated from said passage by a heat conducting partition, a flue for hot gas extending substantially transversely of said passage, means for supplying hot gas to said flues, and means for heating said passage by steam.

15. An apparatus for drying char, comprising division plates and partition plates therebetween forming a downwardly ex tending passage for the material to be dried, a flue for hot gas extending substantially transversely of said passage, means for supplying hot gas to said flue and means for eatin said plates by steam.

16. n apparatus for drying char, comprising division plates, and partition plates including deflector plates between the division plates forming a downwardly extending zigzag channel for the material to be dried and a plurality of transverse flues, means for supplying hot gas to said flues, steam jackets for said deflector plates and means for supplying steam to said steam jackets.

17 An apparatus for drying char, comprising division plates and partition plates forming a downwardly extending channel for the material to be dried, a flue external to said channel and a plurality of transverse fiues extending through said channel, means for supplying hot gas to said flues and means for heating said plates by steam.

18. An apparatus for drying char, comprising division plates, and partition plates including deflector plates between the division plates forming a downwardly extending channel for the material to be dried, a flue external to said channel, and a plurality of transverse flues extending substantially transversely of said channel, steam jackets for said deflector plates, steam pipes passing through said channel, means for-supplying hot gas to said flues and means'for supplying steam'to said steam jackets and pipes.

19. An apparatus for drying char having two downwardly extending channels for the moist material, a central flue located between the two channels, arranged to heat both channels, a plurality of lateralflues located outwardly of the two channels an means for supplying hot gas to all the flues.

20. An apparatus for drying char having two downwardly extending'zigzag channels for the moist material, a central flue arranged to lead gas in at the upper part of the apparatus and back and forth and downwardly between the two channels, a plurality of laterally extending flues extending substantially transverse to the direction of flow of the material through one of the zigzag channels, and means for supplying hot gas to the several flues.

21. An apparatus for drying char having two downwardly extending channels for the moist material, a flue located between the two channels arranged to heat them both, a plurality of lateral flues located outwardly of the two channels, side walls and end plates provided with doors whereby access may be had to the several channels and flues, and means for supplying hot gas to the several flues.

22. An apparatus for drying char, comprising the combination of a central heating flue, two channels for the material to be dried located on opposite sides of the central flue, side walls for the dryer and deflector plates-secured to the side walls and extending inwardly therefrom, said plates forming parts of said channels and also providing transverse flues for drying gas which comes in direct contact with the material moving downwardlythrough the channels.

23. In an apparatus for drying char, the I combination of a plurality of vertically disposed spaced division plates, an inner set of diagonal partition plates supported on the. division plates, an outer set of diagonal par tition plates similarly supported and 'substantially parallel to certain of the inner partition plates, and walls and end plates, whereby there-is formed two zigzag channels for the moistmaterial with a central flue be tween them and a plurality of lateral flues located outwardly with respect to the zizag channels.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

HENRY E. NIESE. 

